Dado un número positivo N, debemos llegar a 1 en un número mínimo de pasos, donde un paso se define como convertir N a (N-1) o convertir N a uno de los divisores más grandes.
Formalmente, si estamos en N, entonces en 1 paso podemos llegar a (N - 1) o si N = u*v entonces podemos llegar a max(u v) donde u > 1 y v > 1.
Ejemplos:
Input : N = 17 Output : 4 We can reach to 1 in 4 steps as shown below 17 -> 16(from 17 - 1) -> 4(from 4 * 4) -> 2(from 2 * 2) -> 1(from 2 - 1) Input : N = 50 Output : 5 We can reach to 1 in 5 steps as shown below 50 -> 10(from 5 * 10) -> 5(from 2 * 5) -> 4(from 5 - 1) -> 2(from 2 *2) -> 1(from 2 - 1)
Podemos resolver este problema usando la búsqueda primero en amplitud porque funciona nivel por nivel, por lo que llegaremos a 1 en un número mínimo de pasos donde el siguiente nivel para N contiene (N - 1) y factores propios más grandes de N.
El procedimiento BFS completo será el siguiente: Primero, insertaremos N con los pasos 0 en la cola de datos y luego, en cada nivel, insertaremos sus elementos del siguiente nivel con 1 paso más que los elementos del nivel anterior. De esta manera, cuando 1 salga de la cola, contendrá un número mínimo de pasos que será nuestro resultado final.
En el siguiente código se utiliza una cola de una estructura de tipo "datos" que almacena valores y pasos de N en ella. Se utiliza otro conjunto de tipos enteros para evitar presionar el mismo elemento más de una vez, lo que puede conducir a un bucle infinito. Entonces, en cada paso ingresamos el valor en set después de ingresarlo en la cola para que el valor no sea visitado más de una vez.
Consulte el código a continuación para una mejor comprensión.
C++// C++ program to get minimum step to reach 1 // under given constraints #include
// Java program to get minimum step to reach 1 // under given constraints import java.util.*; class GFG { // structure represent one node in queue static class data { int val; int steps; public data(int val int steps) { this.val = val; this.steps = steps; } }; // method returns minimum step to reach one static int minStepToReachOne(int N) { Queue<data> q = new LinkedList<>(); q.add(new data(N 0)); // set is used to visit numbers so that they // won't be pushed in queue again HashSet<Integer> st = new HashSet<Integer>(); // loop until we reach to 1 while (!q.isEmpty()) { data t = q.peek(); q.remove(); // if current data value is 1 return its // steps from N if (t.val == 1) return t.steps; // check curr - 1 only if it not visited yet if (!st.contains(t.val - 1)) { q.add(new data(t.val - 1 t.steps + 1)); st.add(t.val - 1); } // loop from 2 to Math.sqrt(value) for its divisors for (int i = 2; i*i <= t.val; i++) { // check divisor only if it is not visited yet // if i is divisor of val then val / i will // be its bigger divisor if (t.val % i == 0 && !st.contains(t.val / i) ) { q.add(new data(t.val / i t.steps + 1)); st.add(t.val / i); } } } return -1; } // Driver code public static void main(String[] args) { int N = 17; System.out.print(minStepToReachOne(N) +'n'); } } // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar
# Python3 program to get minimum step # to reach 1 under given constraints # Structure represent one node in queue class data: def __init__(self val steps): self.val = val self.steps = steps # Method returns minimum step to reach one def minStepToReachOne(N): q = [] q.append(data(N 0)) # Set is used to visit numbers # so that they won't be pushed # in queue again st = set() # Loop until we reach to 1 while (len(q)): t = q.pop(0) # If current data value is 1 # return its steps from N if (t.val == 1): return t.steps # Check curr - 1 only if # it not visited yet if not (t.val - 1) in st: q.append(data(t.val - 1 t.steps + 1)) st.add(t.val - 1) # Loop from 2 to Math.sqrt(value) # for its divisors for i in range(2 int((t.val) ** 0.5) + 1): # Check divisor only if it is not # visited yet if i is divisor of val # then val / i will be its bigger divisor if (t.val % i == 0 and (t.val / i) not in st): q.append(data(t.val / i t.steps + 1)) st.add(t.val / i) return -1 # Driver code N = 17 print(minStepToReachOne(N)) # This code is contributed by phasing17
// C# program to get minimum step to reach 1 // under given constraints using System; using System.Collections.Generic; class GFG { // structure represent one node in queue class data { public int val; public int steps; public data(int val int steps) { this.val = val; this.steps = steps; } }; // method returns minimum step to reach one static int minStepToReachOne(int N) { Queue<data> q = new Queue<data>(); q.Enqueue(new data(N 0)); // set is used to visit numbers so that they // won't be pushed in queue again HashSet<int> st = new HashSet<int>(); // loop until we reach to 1 while (q.Count != 0) { data t = q.Peek(); q.Dequeue(); // if current data value is 1 return its // steps from N if (t.val == 1) return t.steps; // check curr - 1 only if it not visited yet if (!st.Contains(t.val - 1)) { q.Enqueue(new data(t.val - 1 t.steps + 1)); st.Add(t.val - 1); } // loop from 2 to Math.Sqrt(value) for its divisors for (int i = 2; i*i <= t.val; i++) { // check divisor only if it is not visited yet // if i is divisor of val then val / i will // be its bigger divisor if (t.val % i == 0 && !st.Contains(t.val / i) ) { q.Enqueue(new data(t.val / i t.steps + 1)); st.Add(t.val / i); } } } return -1; } // Driver code public static void Main(String[] args) { int N = 17; Console.Write(minStepToReachOne(N) +'n'); } } // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar
<script> // Javascript program to get minimum step // to reach 1 under given constraints // Structure represent one node in queue class data { constructor(val steps) { this.val = val; this.steps = steps; } } // Method returns minimum step to reach one function minStepToReachOne(N) { let q = []; q.push(new data(N 0)); // Set is used to visit numbers // so that they won't be pushed // in queue again let st = new Set(); // Loop until we reach to 1 while (q.length != 0) { let t = q.shift(); // If current data value is 1 // return its steps from N if (t.val == 1) return t.steps; // Check curr - 1 only if // it not visited yet if (!st.has(t.val - 1)) { q.push(new data(t.val - 1 t.steps + 1)); st.add(t.val - 1); } // Loop from 2 to Math.sqrt(value) // for its divisors for(let i = 2; i*i <= t.val; i++) { // Check divisor only if it is not // visited yet if i is divisor of val // then val / i will be its bigger divisor if (t.val % i == 0 && !st.has(t.val / i)) { q.push(new data(t.val / i t.steps + 1)); st.add(t.val / i); } } } return -1; } // Driver code let N = 17; document.write(minStepToReachOne(N) + '
'); // This code is contributed by rag2127 </script>
Producción:
4